The convention on cluster munitions and the evolution of international humanitarian law bonnie docherty abstract the 2008 convention on cluster munitions comprehensively bans a weapon that causes civilian casualties both during and after attacks. The convention on cluster munitions the ccm is the. The strength of the treaty is largely due to the prohibition on cluster munitions as an entire category of weapons. The diplomatic conference for the adoption of a convention on cluster munitions was held from 19 to 30 may 2008, in dublin.
The role of ngo activism in the implementation of the. The convention on cluster munitions ccm prohibits all use, stockpiling, production and transfer of cluster munitions. A postscript report on the convention on cluster munitions. Convention on cluster munitions convention on cluster munitions determined also to ensure the full realisation of the rights of all cluster munition victims and recognising their inherent dignity, resolved to do their utmost in providing assistance to clus ter munition victims, including medical care, rehabilitation and.
The convention on cluster munitions bans all use, production, transfer and stockpiling of cluster munitions. Adoption of the convention on cluster munitions asil. Convention on cluster munitions arms control association. Background and issues for congress congressional research service rs22907 version 31 updated 3 international attempts to regulate use u. Using the 2008 convention on cluster munitions as its principal frame of reference, the report covers global trends in ban policy and practice, contamination and clearance, cluster munition casualties, and efforts to guarantee the rights and meet the needs of cluster munition victims. Ratification the secretarygeneral of the united nations, acting in his capacity as depositary.
Treaties, states parties, and commentaries convention on. Parties are allowed to retain cluster munitions for training in detection, clearance and destruction of cluster munitions or for developing cluster munition countermeasures. Law prohibiting the financing of cluster munitions luxembourg prohibited the financing of cluster munitions in 2009, in the law ratifying the convention on cluster munitions. The convention was adopted on 30 may 2008 in dublin, and was opened for. The convention on cluster munitions ccm prohibits all use, stockpiling, production and transfer of. The convention on cluster munitions the ccm is the international treaty of more than 100 states that addresses the humanitarian consequences and unacceptable harm caused to civilians by cluster munitions, through a categorical prohibition and a framework for action.
Under the terms of the convention, a number of responsibilities have. Convention on cluster munitions military wiki fandom. Convention on cluster munitions human rights watch. It not only includes a chapter on the content of the convention and one on stockpile destructiona signi. A guide to cluster munitions geneva international centre.
Convention on cluster munitions the states parties to this convention deeply concerned that civilian populations and individual civilians continue to bear the brunt of armed conflict, determined to put an end for all time to the suffering and casualties caused by cluster munitions at the time of their use, when they fail to function as intended or. Convention on cluster munitions international treaty. Convention on cluster munitions convention on cluster munitions determined also to ensure the full realisation of the rights of all cluster munition victims and recognising their inherent dignity, resolved to do their utmost in providing assistance to clus ter munition. This act entered into force on 16 march 2015 and canada ratified the convention on cluster munitions that same day. Destruction of cluster munitions completed february 10, 2015 fifth meeting of states parties to the convention on cluster munitions general statement by h. The ccm will be opened for signature on december 3, 2008 ccm, article 15. The 2008 convention on cluster munitions was adopted by 107 states on 30 may 2008 at a specially convened diplomatic conference. Exclusion list of companies involved in cluster munitions. Dublin 19 30 may 2008 convention on cluster munitions, ccm 77, 30 may 2008 excerpt article 1 general obligations and scope of application 1. In 2008, the convention on cluster munitions was adopted by over 100 countries. Potentially a conduit for circumventing the prohibition on stockpiling, the convention.
Commonly, this is a cluster bomb that ejects explosive bomblets that are designed to kill personnel and destroy vehicles. This new edition of a guide to cluster munitions features updated information on the convention s key obligations such as stockpile destruction and cluster munitions clearance. The 2008 convention on cluster munitions is a legally binding international treaty that comprehensively prohibits the use, production, stockpiling and transfer of. Other cluster munitions are designed to destroy runways or electric power transmission lines, disperse chemical or biological weapons, or to scatter. I am confident that under the presidents able leadership this meeting will turn out to be most productive, thereby helping to address the widespread human suffering caused by cluster munitions. Recalling its resolutions 6371 of 2 december 2008 on the. Cluster munitions are airdropped or groundlaunched weapons that release a number of smaller. The convention on cluster munitions ccm is an international treaty that prohibits the use, transfer and stockpile of cluster bombs, a type of explosive weapon which scatters submunitions bomblets over an area. The oslo process started with the oslo conference 2223 february. Pdf a postscript report on the convention on cluster.
Previous efforts focused on prohibitions of other weapons, such as landmines. The role of ngo activism in the implementation of the convention on cluster munitions thomas nash thomas nash joined the international cluster munition coalition cmc in early 2004 and has served as coordinator throughout the successful global campaign to achieve an international treaty banning cluster bombs. Implementation of the convention on cluster munitions unog. In may 2008, 107 states concluded an international treaty prohibitingthese weapons. The term cluster munition casualties is used to refer both to people killed and people injured as a result of cluster munition use or cluster munition remnants. President, distinguished delegates, the convention on cluster munitions constitutes a remarkable tool to put an end to the unacceptable harm resulting from the use of these weapons and considerable progress has.
Convention on cluster munitions ninth meeting of states. Convention text the convention on cluster munitions. Cluster munition victims include survivors people who were injured by cluster munitions or their explosive remnants and lived, other persons directly impacted by cluster. Convention on cluster munitions, 30 may 2008 state parties 108 state signatories after decades of seeing civilians suffer with each new use of cluster munitions, and in the face of an inadequate response in other fora, norway launched the oslo process on cluster munitions in february 2007 by inviting governments supporting the. Convention on cluster munitions ministry of foreign. Cluster munitions are characterized as bombs or shells that consist of an outer. United nations interagency coordination group on mine action. Reaffirming the declaration of the o slo conf erence on cluster munitions, by which. It is a landmark in the efforts to address the suffering that these weapons cause. Cluster munitions do not distinguish between civilians and combatants and can leave behind unexploded ordnance which can harm civilians and be detrimental to economic and social development for decades after use. A cluster munition is a form of airdropped or groundlaunched explosive weapon that releases or ejects smaller submunitions.
The convention applies to all types of cluster munitions in use. Munitions convention have issued ministerial or interpretive statements to the effect that investment in production of cluster munitions is prohibited by the convention. The convention on cluster munitions and state responsibility to gather data on deaths, injuries and wider negative economic and social outcomes resulting from armed violence. The convention on cluster munitions and the evolution of. Mamoru shinohara ambassador of japan to costa rica september 2, 2014 pdf. The recent convention on cluster munitions ccm, convention 1 is the latest attempt by the international community to humanize the conduct of war. The convention also sets legal precedent in three ways. The momentum for a treaty banning cluster munitions derived from the harm caused to civilian populations. Fifth meeting of states parties to the convention on. The 2008 convention on cluster munitions prohibits use, development, production, stockpiling, and transfer of cluster munitions, as defined.
Implementation of the convention on cluster munitions. Model law convention on cluster munitions the convention on. It features comprehensive descriptions and illustrations of the types of cluster munitions in contaminated areas. According to the convention, a cluster munition is a conventional munition that is designed to disperse or release explosive sub munitions each weighing less than 20 kilograms. The negotiators rejected proposals for broad exceptions from the ban and for a transition period during which cluster munitions could still be used. The convention on cluster munitions the adoption of the convention on cluster munitions is a recognition of cluster munitions terrible and unacceptable consequences for civilian populations. Convention on cluster munitions tke states parties to this convention, deeply concerned that civilian populations and individual civilians continue to bear the brunt of armed conflict, determined to put an end for all time to the suffering and casualties caused by cluster munitions at the time of their use, when they fail to function.
The act prohibits the use, development, production, acquisition, possession, import, export, as well as foreign movement for the purpose of transferring ownership and control of cluster munitions. We are deeply concerned by the reported indiscriminate use of cluster munitions affecting civilian populations in different parts of the world and the resulting victims. Each state party undertakes never under any circumstances to. At the outset, let me recall that the eu supports the humanitarian goal of the convention on cluster munitions. The convention was adopted on 30 may 2008 in dublin, and was opened for signature on 3 december 2008 in oslo. Concerned that cluster munition remnants kill or maim civilians. The convention on cluster munitions ccm is an international treaty that prohibits the use, transfer, and stockpiling of cluster bombs, a type of explosive weapon which scatters submunitions bomblets over an area. Convention on cluster munitions, adopted by the general assembly on 7 december 2015, the general assembly requested the secretarygeneral to continue to convene the meetings of states parties to the convention on cluster munitions and to continue to render the necessary assistance and to provide such services as may be necessary to fulfil the. Convention on prohibitions or restrictions on the use of. The convention on cluster munitions is a historic achievement.
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